Portland Oregon United Church of God Mini Study Index

Learn From History

Biblical and secular history provides us with a view of the lives of the ancients. Modern archeaological finds have verified the accuracy of the historical readings within the Bible. If you have an interest in history or want to learn more about the personalities of the past, then these studies may provide you with thought-provoking perspectives. Click on a title below...

A Rulers Actions Foretold: The Hebrew prophet Isaiah lived and prophesied in dangerous times. Through much of his ministry, the people and rulers of the kingdom of Judah had vacillated between faithfulness to God and succumbing to the sensuous appeal of the idolatry and paganism that had long plagued the kingdom.
Alexander Reads About Himself in the Book of Daniel: Although Alexander the Great conquered Syria, Lebanon, Egypt and surrounding countries, modern historians have little to say of him visiting the Holy Land. Yet ancient history says that he had a most remarkable encounter there, not only visiting the temple in Jerusalem but also making a sacrifice to the God of Israel.
Allegiance and Idolatry: Most U.S. citizens happily recite the traditional American pledge of allegiance. Some people are conscientiously opposed to reciting the pledge. Those opposed on religious grounds say making such a pledge is idolatry, since there should be no allegiance except to God.
Americas Religious Roots: America was founded on a moral society based on the Bible and the Commandments of God. What has happened?
An Ancient Cultural Clash: Some 2,600 years ago, three young men, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego, faced a cultural crisis when they were commanded to show honor to a false god.
An Ancient Inscription Proves King David was Real: For many years some critics have asserted that many biblical figures, including King David, are nothing more than myth. But in 1933 a dramatic find again forced Bible critics to retreat. A team of archaeologists digging in northern Galilee "found a remarkable inscription form the ninth century B.C.E [before the common era, or B.C.] that refers both to the "House of David" and to the "King of Israel".
Archaeology supports the story of Samson and Philistine temple: Archaeology has been found to support yet another biblical story?the account of mighty Samson and his death in Philistine temple.
Are All Israelites Jews?: The progenitor of the Nation of Israel had 12 sons. One of these was sold as a slave but was reconciled to his family years later. The original number grew to 13. Only one of these sons was named Judah.
Biblical Festivals in the New Testament: The Holy Days of God are described in the Old Testament. But they were not to be abandoned by New Testament Christians. The chart below outlines the locations in the New Testament where the Holy Days were still being observed by the New Testament Church. Jesus did not give any indication that His followers were not to observe these days.
Celts and Scythians Linked by Archaeological Discoveries: The Celtic Hallstatt culture and the Scythian Vekerzug or Thracian culture are excellent examples that show how closely these two peoples interacted with one another.
Could Jesus Perform Miracles?: One of the major objections to miracles is that they violate natural law. Natural law is immutable, therefore natural law cannot be violated, critics argue.
Could Nebuchadnezzar Not Remember His Own Dream?: Because of an unclear translation of Daniel 2:5, for generations many readers of the King James Version of the Bible have understood the verse to mean that King Nebuchadnezzar couldn't recall his dream of the night before.
Cyrus of Persia: The Words of a Prophet Come to Pass: The cylinder of Cyrus (538 B.C.) , king of Persia, records his conquest of Babylon and policy of religious tolerance. He decreed that the Jewish exiles taken captive by the Babylonians in 587 B.C. could return to their land and rebuild Jerusalem and the temple.
Did Jesus Have Long Hair?: Most people assume that Jesus had long hair. After all, that's the way they've always seen Him portrayed in every painting, drawing or movie. That's the only Jesus they've ever seen. But are those depictions accurate?
Did Paul's Words to the Galatians Contradict His Actions?: One common interpretation of the book of Galatians is that Paul criticized the Galatians for keeping the biblical Sabbath and Holy Days. Many theologians believe these were the days to which Paul referred when he wrote: "how is it that you turn again to the weak and beggarly elements, to which you desire again to be in bondage? You observe days and months and seasons and years".
Do Other Sources Confirm Jesus Christ's Existence?: Many people assume that, apart from the Bible, history is silent concerning Jesus of Nazareth. But in fact, many independent witnesses testify of Jesus? existence.
Does Archaeology Confirm the Existence of Specific People Mentioned in the Bible?: On virtually every page of the Bible you will find the name of a person or place. Since the Bible claims to be real history, its credibility rests on its historical accuracy. If the people, place and events mentioned in the Bible are part of factual accounts, we should expect to find evidence to support those accounts. So what does the evidence show? Do archaeology and history confirm the Bible or do they disprove it?
First-century burial confirms Gospel details: For years scholars have puzzled over a curious detail mentioned in the Gospel of John concerning Jewish burial practices in the first century. In describing the entombments of Jesus Christ (John 20:7) and His friend Lazarus (John 11:44), John writes of both men having had their bodies wrapped with a linen cloth for burial, but with a separate, smaller cloth wrapped around their heads.
Fulfilled Prophecies of Jesus Christ: What could be more amazing than to read, precise predictions of the events of a person's life hundreds of years before his birth? Surely that would be a mark of divine knowledge and involvement, wouldn't it?
Genesis 1: History or Myth?: To excuse the account of creation in Genesis 1, some attempt to explain it away as a poetic flight of fancy rather than literal history. The call it "the hymn to creation," although this explanation is not supported in Scripture.
Gods Covenant With David: The story of David, Israel's second king, contains all the elements of an exciting adventure story. In David's 71 years, full of rags-to-riches contrasts, David went from his role as the eighth son of an average family, one stuck with the job of taking care of the family's sheep, to the dominant leader of the nation. Fighting wild animals to keep them from preying on his sheep, running for his life from Saul and leading soldiers into battle provided all the adventure anyone could want.
Good Friday - Easter Sunday: It Didnt Happen That Way!: At the beginning of the first century, hope for a Messiah burned in the hearts of many Jews. Prophecies in Deuteronomy, the Psalms and the writings of the Prophets all had proclaimed the coming of this promised Deliverer.
How Did We Get the Bible?: How was the Bible actually put together? How do we know that the Bible contains the books that it should have? These are important questions, and many books have been written to address them.
How God Shaped Israel's Future: The miraculous births of Isaac and Jacob, Abraham's son and grandson, also are important milestones. It was through them that God gave the 12 tribes of Israel the promises He made to Abraham.
How Jacob Became Abraham's Heir: God chose Jacob, the second-born of Isaac's twins, to receive the birthright inheritance that is usually reserved for the firstborn. This bestowed on him the right to become the family's patriarch upon Isaac's death (Genesis 25:29-34). The birthright blessing made Jacob the direct heir of Abraham and the recipient of the divine commitments to Abraham and his posterity.
How the Word Church is Used in Greek and English: The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia gives this view of the usage of church in Greek and English: "Theologically, there is only one Church, for Christians are now fellow citizens of the saints and of the household of God, built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets."
Jeremiah's Commission From God: Jeremiah was accorded a very rare honor even among the biblical prophets. The Creator declared to him: "Before I formed you in the womb I knew you; before you were born I sanctified you [set you apart]; I ordained you a prophet to the nations" (Jeremiah 1:5). This prophet was commissioned from his mother's womb for his sacred task.
Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene: There is not one shred of evidence in the Bible (or even in the gnostic gospels) for that matter-that Jesus Christ ever married a woman. The more one is familiar with the Bible, the more illogical that idea is.
Jesus Christ and the Festivals of the Bible: In addition to the biblical Sabbath day, Jesus observed he biblical festivals recorded in the Old Testament; the Gospels do not show Him ever being accused of violating the Holy Day observances. John 7 records Him teaching at the temple during the Feast of Tabernacles. All four Gospels record His actions leading up to and during His last Passover with His disciples the night before He was crucified.
Jesus Christ and the Old Testament: What was Christ's relationship with the Old Testament? To fully understand that, we must first consider who and what Jesus Christ is as presented in the Bible. The New Testament is a collection of historical biographies and accounts that tell the story of Jesus Christ, His life and ministry, His death and resurrection, the men He chose, and the founding of the Church.
King David: Man or Myth?: Suddenly, as David and his men finished climbing the last hill, there it was, the mighty fortress of Jebus, later called Jerusalem. It was not then under Israelite control, but, as in the days of Joshua, the city was a stronghold of the Jebusites.
King Solomon and the Bible: Solomon left us with many proverbs (Proverbs 1-29), the book of Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Solomon. Of course, not all of his writings found their way into the Bible. But a careful reading of these preserved books provides the reader with both human and divine wisdom.
Lessons From the Life of Solomon: Solomon was a great king, but Jesus Christ is the King of kings. Solomon's kingdom was an earthly manifestation of great blessings and prosperity. Christ's coming Kingdom is the ultimate manifestation of peace and prosperity.
Moses and the Law: Moses, who faithfully obeyed God's laws, was also used by God to convey those laws to Israel. He is the author and compiler of the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy, which later came to be called the Torah, or simply the Law.
National Deliverance from Egyptian Slavery: "Therefore say to the children of Israel: 'I am the Lord; I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, I will rescue you from their bondage, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great judgments. I will take you as My people, and I will be your God'" How did it happen?
Noah and Our Time: A Sobering Parallel: Jesus Christ used the example of Noah to reveal attitudes that would predominate near the end.
Oldest Philistine inscription offers giant surprise: Archaeologists excavating Tell es-Safi, the biblical city "Gath of the Philistines," recently uncovered a scrap of broken pottery bearing the oldest Philistine inscription yet discovered. Of itself, that wasn?t so surprising. What was surprising is that the potsherd bears two names etymologically remarkable similar to "Goliath," the giant Philistine warrior slain by David as recorded in 1 Samuel 17.
Paul Regularly Used the Old Testament as the Authority for His Teaching: In many Bible versions it can be difficult to tell when a New Testament writer is quoting from the Old Testament. Some, however, like the Complete Jewish Bible, make those references obvious.
Paul's Desire to Depart and Be With Christ: The apostle Paul dedicated his life to preaching the gospel of the Kingdom of God (Acts 14:22; 19:8; 20:25; 28:23, 31). In the process he was subjected to persecution, beatings and several periods of imprisonment. When he wrote his letter to the Philippians he was enduring a period of house arrest in Rome. Paul knew that the Roman government had authority to put prisoners to death. Paul knew what the future might hold for him, whether it be execution on the one hand or his release on the other.
Research Project Proves Biblical Proverb: "A merry heart does good, like medicine, but a broken spirit dries the bones." These words, recorded in the biblical book of Proverbs (17:22) almost 3,000 years ago, have now been confirmed by medical science as a result of two recent studies reported by the Reuters news service.
Roman Forms of Crucifixion: Crucifixion wasn't always carried out the way we've seen it typically depicted in paintings and pictures. In fact, as noted in this chapter, a crucifixion victim likely wasn't nailed through the hands, since there structure cannot support the weight of a human body. Most likely victims were nailed through the wrist or, in some instances, had their arms tied rather than being nailed.
Scholars Take Up Paul's Cause: A new willingness is evident among scholars to admit that the traditional characterization of Paul as a rebel against the law is deeply flawed. In his book Paul and the Jewish Law, Dutch Reformed scholar Peter Tomson identifies three common but erroneous ideas about the apostle to the gentiles.
Separation of Church and State?: The first U.S. Congress adopted the first 10 amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, in 1791. The First Amendment went through extensive discussions and nearly a dozen drafts. They show the clear intent of the founding fathers-that they didn't want one Christian denomination running the nation. They did, however, firmly believe Christianity and biblical principles should be a part of American life.
Teachings and Practices of the Early Church: Many readers of the Bible are familiar with the miraculous events of the day - of how Christ's followers were assembled together when the house was filled with the sound of a mighty wind, and what appeared to be tongues of fire came on those gathered there. Another dramatic miracle occurred as those people, now filled with God's Spirit, began to speak in the languages of those gathered there in Jerusalem so that all could understand their words.
The Apostles: A Case Study in Conversion: The four Gospels "Matthew, Mark, Luke and John" provide us with insight into their lives. We see no indication that any of the 12 apostles had an exceptional education or any position of influence. They were common men, regarded as "uneducated and untrained" by the rulers and religious authorities of that time (Acts 4:13).
The Battle at the Pool of Gibeon: In 1956 another remarkable discovery was made that provides additional evidence of the authenticity of the biblical accounts of David's days.
The Book of James: An Epistle of Straw?: Martin Luther, founder of the Protestant Reformation, referred to the book of James as an "epistle of straw." Frustrated by religious leaders who claimed this book supported their mistaken ideas that people could buy their salvation through monetary gifts to the church, Luther uttered his ill-advised phrase. Consumed in the debate, he went beyond a proper understanding of the Scriptures and dismissed James's statements that works are a necessary evidence of faith.
The Calendar Used by the Earliest Gentile Christians: The following quote from a book by Dr. Troy Martin, professor of Religious Studies at Chicago's Saint Xavier University, on Paul's letter to the Colossians provides an effective rebuttal to the common but false argument that Paul taught Christian gentiles not to observe the sacred days that were used by the Jews.
The Historical Background of the Term Church: Church is the English translation of the Greek word ekklesia. The use a the Greek term prior to the emergence of the Christian church is important as two streams of meaning flow from the history of its usage into the New Testament understanding of church.
The House of David Verified in Inscriptions: For many years some critics have asserted that many biblical figures, including King David, are nothing more than myth. But in 1993 a dramatic find again forced Bible critics to retreat.
The Importance of the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Dead Sea Scrolls are collectively composed of some 900 documents that contain, besides other religious literature, sections of the entire Hebrew Bible except for the book of Esther. The scrolls range in date from the third century B.C. to the first century A.D.
The Jerusalem Conference of Acts 15: Some people believe that the early Church's decision in Acts 15 freed Christians from the need to obey the laws revealed in the Old Testament. But is that the case? To understand what was really decided there, we need to look at and understand the historical, cultural and scriptural background.
The Length of Jesus' Time in the Tomb Proves He Was the Messiah: Jesus gave one sign that would be proof of His resurrection as our Savior--the amount of time He would spend in the tomb. Jesus state: "For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth" (Matthew 12:40).
The Mighty Assyrian Empire Emerges From The Dust: Perhaps archaeology's most dramatic find among the treasure troves of the past was the discovery of the remains of the ancient Assyrian Empire. Assyria first appears as an empire early in the second millennium B.C. The remains of a ziggurat, or temple tower, from that era still stand near the site of its ancient capital.
The Red Sea or the Reed Sea?: For many years scholars have disagreed over the identity of the sea the Israelites crossed and thus the site of the drowning of Pharaoh's army. Three routes for the Exodus have been proposed and continue to be debated. Some believe that the Israelites' path took them north to the coast and that the "sea" they crossed was part of Lake Sirbonis, an arm or bay of the Mediterranean, after the crossing of which they turned south into the Sinai Peninsula.
The Sinai Covenant and the Voice of the Lord: The covenant that God made with the ancient Israelites at Mt. Sinai?to give them His special blessings and protection?was conditional on their obedience to His instruction. God promised them, "Now therefore, if you will indeed obey My voice and keep My covenant, then you shall be a special treasure to Me above all people" (Exodus 19:5).
The Tearing of the Temple Veil: Matthew records several events that took place at Christ's death. One that initially seems insignificant, but was a symbol of major importance, is found in Matthew 27:50-51.
The Thief on the Cross: As Christ hung dying, He told a convicted criminal being crucified with Him, "Assuredly, I say to you, today you will be with Me in Paradise" (Luke 23:43). Many people think Jesus assured the man he would go to heaven with Him that very day. But is this really what He said?
The Two Joshuas: Many connections are to be noted between Joshua and Jesus. The names share the same meaning: ?God is salvation.? Jesus (leous) is the Greek form of the Hebrew Joshua (Yehosua). Many parallels can be drawn between the two Joshuas.
The Ultimate Rejection: God Himself experienced painful rejection almost from the time of man's creation. He made Adam and Eve in the deepest hope of a happy and successful relationship. They were created in His own image. He ardently wished for their total success. He wanted them to make the right choices that would lead them to the abundant life now and eventually eternal life in His Kingdom. But they chose another way, as did their descendants.
Two Great Prophets: Moses prophesied of another prophet who would arise: "The Lord your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from your midst, from your brethren, Him you shall hear" (Deuteronomy 18:15).
Tyndale as Translator: Where did William Tyndale learn Greek and Hebrew? Englishman Richard Croke had occupied the chair of Greek at Leipzig (Germany), but this professor came back to Cambridge in 1518 to begin his lectures on Greek. Tyndale's competence in this language may well be due to Croke's lectures. Before that, Professor Grocyn had also taught excellent Greek in Oxford during the time Tyndale was there.
Was Jesus A Jew?: As all human being, Jesus Christ was born in a particular place and at a specific time in history. Although His Father was God (through the agency of the Holy Spirit), His mother was a Jewish woman named Mary. Her husband, Joseph, was Jesus' legal father or guardian. According to the genealogy from Mary, on His human side Christ is descended from Judah and King David (Luke 3:31, 33; compare Acts 2:30; 2 Timothy 2:8).
Were All the People of the Northern Kingdom Deported?: Many scholars have challenged the Bible's claim that the entire population of the northern kingdom went into Assyrian captivity. Some think most of the Israelites fled south and assimilated into the population of the kingdom of Judah. What really happened?
When Was Jesus Christ Crucified and Resurrected?: But how can we fit "three days and three nights" between a Friday-afternoon crucifixion and a Sunday-morning resurrection? This traditional view allows for Jesus to have been entombed for only a day and a half.
Who Was Melchizedek?: Jesus Christ is the Mediator between God and man. His willing sacrifice for our sins uniquely qualified Him for this crucial role. Yet the preexistent Word also prefigured this sacred office during the time of Abraham.
William Tyndale and the Apostle Paul: A letter written from prison by William Tyndale lay buried in the archives of the Council of Brabant in - - Belgium for some 300 years. The contents are heartbreaking.


Navigation Home Page About Us Beliefs Mini Studies Publications Youth Interests Pastor's Notes Ask Us Search Now with expanded search capabilities! Enter a word or phrase (case sensitive) to search this category... Clear keyword box to view all studies in the category...	Learn From History Biblical and secular history provides us with a view of the lives of the ancients. Modern archeaological finds have verified the accuracy of the historical readings within the Bible. If you have an interest in history or want to learn more about the personalities of the past, then these studies may provide you with thought-provoking perspectives. Click on a title below... A Rulers Actions Foretold The Hebrew prophet Isaiah lived and prophesied in dangerous times. Through much of his ministry, the people and rulers of the kingdom of Judah had vacillated between faithfulness to God and succumbing to the sensuous appeal of the idolatry and paganism that had long plagued the kingdom. Alexander Reads About Himself in the Book of Daniel Although Alexander the Great conquered Syria, Lebanon, Egypt and surrounding countries, modern historians have little to say of him visiting the Holy Land. Yet ancient history says that he had a most remarkable encounter there, not only visiting the temple in Jerusalem but also making a sacrifice to the God of Israel. Allegiance and Idolatry Most U.S. citizens happily recite the traditional American pledge of allegiance. Some people are conscientiously opposed to reciting the pledge. Those opposed on religious grounds say making such a pledge is idolatry, since there should be no allegiance except to God. Americas Religious Roots America was founded on a moral society based on the Bible and the Commandments of God. What has happened? An Ancient Cultural Clash Some 2,600 years ago, three young men, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego, faced a cultural crisis when they were commanded to show honor to a false god. An Ancient Inscription Proves King David was Real For many years some critics have asserted that many biblical figures, including King David, are nothing more than myth. But in 1933 a dramatic find again forced Bible critics to retreat. A team of archaeologists digging in northern Galilee "found a remarkable inscription form the ninth century B.C.E [before the common era, or B.C.] that refers both to the "House of David" and to the "King of Israel". Archaeology supports the story of Samson and Philistine temple Archaeology has been found to support yet another biblical story?the account of mighty Samson and his death in Philistine temple. Are All Israelites Jews? The progenitor of the Nation of Israel had 12 sons. One of these was sold as a slave but was reconciled to his family years later. The original number grew to 13. Only one of these sons was named Judah. Biblical Festivals in the New Testament The Holy Days of God are described in the Old Testament. But they were not to be abandoned by New Testament Christians. The chart below outlines the locations in the New Testament where the Holy Days were still being observed by the New Testament Church. Jesus did not give any indication that His followers were not to observe these days. Celts and Scythians Linked by Archaeological Discoveries The Celtic Hallstatt culture and the Scythian Vekerzug or Thracian culture are excellent examples that show how closely these two peoples interacted with one another. Could Jesus Perform Miracles? One of the major objections to miracles is that they violate natural law. Natural law is immutable, therefore natural law cannot be violated, critics argue. Could Nebuchadnezzar Not Remember His Own Dream? Because of an unclear translation of Daniel 2:5, for generations many readers of the King James Version of the Bible have understood the verse to mean that King Nebuchadnezzar couldn't recall his dream of the night before. Cyrus of Persia: The Words of a Prophet Come to Pass The cylinder of Cyrus (538 B.C.) , king of Persia, records his conquest of Babylon and policy of religious tolerance. He decreed that the Jewish exiles taken captive by the Babylonians in 587 B.C. could return to their land and rebuild Jerusalem and the temple. Did Jesus Have Long Hair? Most people assume that Jesus had long hair. After all, that's the way they've always seen Him portrayed in every painting, drawing or movie. That's the only Jesus they've ever seen. But are those depictions accurate? Did Paul's Words to the Galatians Contradict His Actions? One common interpretation of the book of Galatians is that Paul criticized the Galatians for keeping the biblical Sabbath and Holy Days. Many theologians believe these were the days to which Paul referred when he wrote: "how is it that you turn again to the weak and beggarly elements, to which you desire again to be in bondage? You observe days and months and seasons and years". Do Other Sources Confirm Jesus Christ's Existence? Many people assume that, apart from the Bible, history is silent concerning Jesus of Nazareth. But in fact, many independent witnesses testify of Jesus? existence. Does Archaeology Confirm the Existence of Specific People Mentioned in the Bible? On virtually every page of the Bible you will find the name of a person or place. Since the Bible claims to be real history, its credibility rests on its historical accuracy. If the people, place and events mentioned in the Bible are part of factual accounts, we should expect to find evidence to support those accounts. So what does the evidence show? Do archaeology and history confirm the Bible or do they disprove it? First-century burial confirms Gospel details For years scholars have puzzled over a curious detail mentioned in the Gospel of John concerning Jewish burial practices in the first century. In describing the entombments of Jesus Christ (John 20:7) and His friend Lazarus (John 11:44), John writes of both men having had their bodies wrapped with a linen cloth for burial, but with a separate, smaller cloth wrapped around their heads. Fulfilled Prophecies of Jesus Christ What could be more amazing than to read, precise predictions of the events of a person's life hundreds of years before his birth? Surely that would be a mark of divine knowledge and involvement, wouldn't it? Genesis 1: History or Myth? To excuse the account of creation in Genesis 1, some attempt to explain it away as a poetic flight of fancy rather than literal history. The call it "the hymn to creation," although this explanation is not supported in Scripture. Gods Covenant With David The story of David, Israel's second king, contains all the elements of an exciting adventure story. In David's 71 years, full of rags-to-riches contrasts, David went from his role as the eighth son of an average family, one stuck with the job of taking care of the family's sheep, to the dominant leader of the nation. Fighting wild animals to keep them from preying on his sheep, running for his life from Saul and leading soldiers into battle provided all the adventure anyone could want. Good Friday - Easter Sunday: It Didnt Happen That Way! At the beginning of the first century, hope for a Messiah burned in the hearts of many Jews. Prophecies in Deuteronomy, the Psalms and the writings of the Prophets all had proclaimed the coming of this promised Deliverer. How Did We Get the Bible? How was the Bible actually put together? How do we know that the Bible contains the books that it should have? These are important questions, and many books have been written to address them. How God Shaped Israel's Future The miraculous births of Isaac and Jacob, Abraham's son and grandson, also are important milestones. It was through them that God gave the 12 tribes of Israel the promises He made to Abraham. How Jacob Became Abraham's Heir God chose Jacob, the second-born of Isaac's twins, to receive the birthright inheritance that is usually reserved for the firstborn. This bestowed on him the right to become the family's patriarch upon Isaac's death (Genesis 25:29-34). The birthright blessing made Jacob the direct heir of Abraham and the recipient of the divine commitments to Abraham and his posterity. How the Word Church is Used in Greek and English The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia gives this view of the usage of church in Greek and English: "Theologically, there is only one Church, for Christians are now fellow citizens of the saints and of the household of God, built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets." Jeremiah's Commission From God Jeremiah was accorded a very rare honor even among the biblical prophets. The Creator declared to him: "Before I formed you in the womb I knew you; before you were born I sanctified you [set you apart]; I ordained you a prophet to the nations" (Jeremiah 1:5). This prophet was commissioned from his mother's womb for his sacred task. Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene There is not one shred of evidence in the Bible (or even in the gnostic gospels) for that matter-that Jesus Christ ever married a woman. The more one is familiar with the Bible, the more illogical that idea is. Jesus Christ and the Festivals of the Bible In addition to the biblical Sabbath day, Jesus observed he biblical festivals recorded in the Old Testament; the Gospels do not show Him ever being accused of violating the Holy Day observances. John 7 records Him teaching at the temple during the Feast of Tabernacles. All four Gospels record His actions leading up to and during His last Passover with His disciples the night before He was crucified. Jesus Christ and the Old Testament What was Christ's relationship with the Old Testament? To fully understand that, we must first consider who and what Jesus Christ is as presented in the Bible. The New Testament is a collection of historical biographies and accounts that tell the story of Jesus Christ, His life and ministry, His death and resurrection, the men He chose, and the founding of the Church. King David: Man or Myth? Suddenly, as David and his men finished climbing the last hill, there it was, the mighty fortress of Jebus, later called Jerusalem. It was not then under Israelite control, but, as in the days of Joshua, the city was a stronghold of the Jebusites. King Solomon and the Bible Solomon left us with many proverbs (Proverbs 1-29), the book of Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Solomon. Of course, not all of his writings found their way into the Bible. But a careful reading of these preserved books provides the reader with both human and divine wisdom. Lessons From the Life of Solomon Solomon was a great king, but Jesus Christ is the King of kings. Solomon's kingdom was an earthly manifestation of great blessings and prosperity. Christ's coming Kingdom is the ultimate manifestation of peace and prosperity. Moses and the Law Moses, who faithfully obeyed God's laws, was also used by God to convey those laws to Israel. He is the author and compiler of the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy, which later came to be called the Torah, or simply the Law. National Deliverance from Egyptian Slavery "Therefore say to the children of Israel: 'I am the Lord; I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, I will rescue you from their bondage, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great judgments. I will take you as My people, and I will be your God'" How did it happen? Noah and Our Time: A Sobering Parallel Jesus Christ used the example of Noah to reveal attitudes that would predominate near the end. Oldest Philistine inscription offers giant surprise Archaeologists excavating Tell es-Safi, the biblical city "Gath of the Philistines," recently uncovered a scrap of broken pottery bearing the oldest Philistine inscription yet discovered. Of itself, that wasn?t so surprising. What was surprising is that the potsherd bears two names etymologically remarkable similar to "Goliath," the giant Philistine warrior slain by David as recorded in 1 Samuel 17. Paul Regularly Used the Old Testament as the Authority for His Teaching In many Bible versions it can be difficult to tell when a New Testament writer is quoting from the Old Testament. Some, however, like the Complete Jewish Bible, make those references obvious. Paul's Desire to Depart and Be With Christ The apostle Paul dedicated his life to preaching the gospel of the Kingdom of God (Acts 14:22; 19:8; 20:25; 28:23, 31). In the process he was subjected to persecution, beatings and several periods of imprisonment. When he wrote his letter to the Philippians he was enduring a period of house arrest in Rome. Paul knew that the Roman government had authority to put prisoners to death. Paul knew what the future might hold for him, whether it be execution on the one hand or his release on the other. Research Project Proves Biblical Proverb "A merry heart does good, like medicine, but a broken spirit dries the bones." These words, recorded in the biblical book of Proverbs (17:22) almost 3,000 years ago, have now been confirmed by medical science as a result of two recent studies reported by the Reuters news service. Roman Forms of Crucifixion Crucifixion wasn't always carried out the way we've seen it typically depicted in paintings and pictures. In fact, as noted in this chapter, a crucifixion victim likely wasn't nailed through the hands, since there structure cannot support the weight of a human body. Most likely victims were nailed through the wrist or, in some instances, had their arms tied rather than being nailed. Scholars Take Up Paul's Cause A new willingness is evident among scholars to admit that the traditional characterization of Paul as a rebel against the law is deeply flawed. In his book Paul and the Jewish Law, Dutch Reformed scholar Peter Tomson identifies three common but erroneous ideas about the apostle to the gentiles. Separation of Church and State? The first U.S. Congress adopted the first 10 amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, in 1791. The First Amendment went through extensive discussions and nearly a dozen drafts. They show the clear intent of the founding fathers-that they didn't want one Christian denomination running the nation. They did, however, firmly believe Christianity and biblical principles should be a part of American life. Teachings and Practices of the Early Church Many readers of the Bible are familiar with the miraculous events of the day - of how Christ's followers were assembled together when the house was filled with the sound of a mighty wind, and what appeared to be tongues of fire came on those gathered there. Another dramatic miracle occurred as those people, now filled with God's Spirit, began to speak in the languages of those gathered there in Jerusalem so that all could understand their words. The Apostles: A Case Study in Conversion The four Gospels "Matthew, Mark, Luke and John" provide us with insight into their lives. We see no indication that any of the 12 apostles had an exceptional education or any position of influence. They were common men, regarded as "uneducated and untrained" by the rulers and religious authorities of that time (Acts 4:13). The Battle at the Pool of Gibeon In 1956 another remarkable discovery was made that provides additional evidence of the authenticity of the biblical accounts of David's days. The Book of James: An Epistle of Straw? Martin Luther, founder of the Protestant Reformation, referred to the book of James as an "epistle of straw." Frustrated by religious leaders who claimed this book supported their mistaken ideas that people could buy their salvation through monetary gifts to the church, Luther uttered his ill-advised phrase. Consumed in the debate, he went beyond a proper understanding of the Scriptures and dismissed James's statements that works are a necessary evidence of faith. The Calendar Used by the Earliest Gentile Christians The following quote from a book by Dr. Troy Martin, professor of Religious Studies at Chicago's Saint Xavier University, on Paul's letter to the Colossians provides an effective rebuttal to the common but false argument that Paul taught Christian gentiles not to observe the sacred days that were used by the Jews. The Historical Background of the Term Church Church is the English translation of the Greek word ekklesia. The use a the Greek term prior to the emergence of the Christian church is important as two streams of meaning flow from the history of its usage into the New Testament understanding of church. The House of David Verified in Inscriptions For many years some critics have asserted that many biblical figures, including King David, are nothing more than myth. But in 1993 a dramatic find again forced Bible critics to retreat. The Importance of the Dead Sea Scrolls The Dead Sea Scrolls are collectively composed of some 900 documents that contain, besides other religious literature, sections of the entire Hebrew Bible except for the book of Esther. The scrolls range in date from the third century B.C. to the first century A.D. The Jerusalem Conference of Acts 15 Some people believe that the early Church's decision in Acts 15 freed Christians from the need to obey the laws revealed in the Old Testament. But is that the case? To understand what was really decided there, we need to look at and understand the historical, cultural and scriptural background. The Length of Jesus' Time in the Tomb Proves He Was the Messiah Jesus gave one sign that would be proof of His resurrection as our Savior--the amount of time He would spend in the tomb. Jesus state: "For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth" (Matthew 12:40). The Mighty Assyrian Empire Emerges From The Dust Perhaps archaeology's most dramatic find among the treasure troves of the past was the discovery of the remains of the ancient Assyrian Empire. Assyria first appears as an empire early in the second millennium B.C. The remains of a ziggurat, or temple tower, from that era still stand near the site of its ancient capital. The Red Sea or the Reed Sea? For many years scholars have disagreed over the identity of the sea the Israelites crossed and thus the site of the drowning of Pharaoh's army. Three routes for the Exodus have been proposed and continue to be debated. Some believe that the Israelites' path took them north to the coast and that the "sea" they crossed was part of Lake Sirbonis, an arm or bay of the Mediterranean, after the crossing of which they turned south into the Sinai Peninsula. The Sinai Covenant and the Voice of the Lord The covenant that God made with the ancient Israelites at Mt. Sinai?to give them His special blessings and protection?was conditional on their obedience to His instruction. God promised them, "Now therefore, if you will indeed obey My voice and keep My covenant, then you shall be a special treasure to Me above all people" (Exodus 19:5). The Tearing of the Temple Veil Matthew records several events that took place at Christ's death. One that initially seems insignificant, but was a symbol of major importance, is found in Matthew 27:50-51. The Thief on the Cross As Christ hung dying, He told a convicted criminal being crucified with Him, "Assuredly, I say to you, today you will be with Me in Paradise" (Luke 23:43). Many people think Jesus assured the man he would go to heaven with Him that very day. But is this really what He said? The Two Joshuas Many connections are to be noted between Joshua and Jesus. The names share the same meaning: ?God is salvation.? Jesus (leous) is the Greek form of the Hebrew Joshua (Yehosua). Many parallels can be drawn between the two Joshuas. The Ultimate Rejection God Himself experienced painful rejection almost from the time of man's creation. He made Adam and Eve in the deepest hope of a happy and successful relationship. They were created in His own image. He ardently wished for their total success. He wanted them to make the right choices that would lead them to the abundant life now and eventually eternal life in His Kingdom. But they chose another way, as did their descendants. Two Great Prophets Moses prophesied of another prophet who would arise: "The Lord your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from your midst, from your brethren, Him you shall hear" (Deuteronomy 18:15). Tyndale as Translator Where did William Tyndale learn Greek and Hebrew? Englishman Richard Croke had occupied the chair of Greek at Leipzig (Germany), but this professor came back to Cambridge in 1518 to begin his lectures on Greek. Tyndale's competence in this language may well be due to Croke's lectures. Before that, Professor Grocyn had also taught excellent Greek in Oxford during the time Tyndale was there. Was Jesus A Jew? As all human being, Jesus Christ was born in a particular place and at a specific time in history. Although His Father was God (through the agency of the Holy Spirit), His mother was a Jewish woman named Mary. Her husband, Joseph, was Jesus' legal father or guardian. According to the genealogy from Mary, on His human side Christ is descended from Judah and King David (Luke 3:31, 33; compare Acts 2:30; 2 Timothy 2:8). Were All the People of the Northern Kingdom Deported? Many scholars have challenged the Bible's claim that the entire population of the northern kingdom went into Assyrian captivity. Some think most of the Israelites fled south and assimilated into the population of the kingdom of Judah. What really happened? When Was Jesus Christ Crucified and Resurrected? But how can we fit "three days and three nights" between a Friday-afternoon crucifixion and a Sunday-morning resurrection? This traditional view allows for Jesus to have been entombed for only a day and a half. Who Was Melchizedek? Jesus Christ is the Mediator between God and man. His willing sacrifice for our sins uniquely qualified Him for this crucial role. Yet the preexistent Word also prefigured this sacred office during the time of Abraham. William Tyndale and the Apostle Paul A letter written from prison by William Tyndale lay buried in the archives of the Council of Brabant in - - Belgium for some 300 years. The contents are heartbreaking.
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